Linux HTOP settings/configuration

vi ~/.config/htop/htoprc 

Update with the following:

 

# Beware! This file is rewritten by htop when settings are changed in the interface.
# The parser is also very primitive, and not human-friendly.
fields=0 48 17 18 38 39 40 2 46 47 49 1
sort_key=46
sort_direction=-1
tree_sort_key=0
tree_sort_direction=1
hide_kernel_threads=1
hide_userland_threads=0
shadow_other_users=0
show_thread_names=0
show_program_path=1
highlight_base_name=0
highlight_megabytes=1
highlight_threads=1
highlight_changes=0
highlight_changes_delay_secs=5
find_comm_in_cmdline=1
strip_exe_from_cmdline=1
show_merged_command=0
tree_view=0
tree_view_always_by_pid=0
header_margin=1
detailed_cpu_time=0
cpu_count_from_one=0
show_cpu_usage=1
show_cpu_frequency=0
show_cpu_temperature=0
degree_fahrenheit=0
update_process_names=0
account_guest_in_cpu_meter=0
color_scheme=0
enable_mouse=1
delay=15
left_meters=LeftCPUs8 Memory Swap
left_meter_modes=1 1 1
right_meters=RightCPUs8 Tasks LoadAverage Uptime
right_meter_modes=1 2 2 2
hide_function_bar=0

Following will be the view:

Disk Utilities in Linux

Linux, renowned for its robustness, is a preferred choice among software professionals. Navigating the expansive world of disk management, Linux offers a spectrum of utilities. In this concise guide, we'll explore essential tools tailored for professionals, shedding light on three practical examples for each.

1. df (Disk Free):

   • Example 1: Display disk space usage for all mounted filesystems.

     df -h
     

   • Example 2: Show the total, used, and available space for a specific directory.

     df -h /path/to/directory
     

   • Example 3: Highlight human-readable disk space information in 1K blocks.

     df -kh
     

2. du (Disk Usage):

   • Example 1: Determine the size of a directory and its subdirectories.

     du -h /path/to/directory
     

   • Example 2: Display the sizes of all files in a directory.

     du -h --max-depth=1
     

   • Example 3: Sort and list top disk space-consuming directories.

     du -h --max-depth=1 | sort -rh
     

3. fdisk:

   • Example 1: List all available disk partitions.

     fdisk -l
     

   • Example 2: Create a new partition on a specific disk.

     fdisk /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 3: Delete a partition from a disk.

     fdisk /dev/sdX -d
     

4. parted:

   • Example 1: Display partition information for a specific disk.

     parted /dev/sdX print
     

   • Example 2: Resize a partition to a specific size.

     parted /dev/sdX resizepart N 50G
     

   • Example 3: Create a new partition on a disk.

     parted /dev/sdX mkpart primary ext4 0% 100%
     

5. gparted:

   • Example 1: Launch the graphical partition editor.

     gparted
     

   • Example 2: Resize a partition using the GUI interface.

     gparted /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 3: Format a partition with a specific file system.

     gparted /dev/sdX - create new ext4 partition
     

6. badblocks:

   • Example 1: Check for bad blocks on a specific disk.

     badblocks -s /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 2: Print a list of bad blocks found during testing.

     badblocks -l /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 3: Non-destructive read-write test for bad blocks.

     badblocks -n /dev/sdX
     

7. smartctl:

   • Example 1: Display SMART information for a specific disk.

     smartctl -a /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 2: Run a short self-test on a disk.

     smartctl -t short /dev/sdX
     

   • Example 3: View the test result and overall health status.

     smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdX
     

8. rsync:

   • Example 1: Copy files and directories to a remote server.

     rsync -av /local/path/ user@remote:/remote/path/
     

   • Example 2: Synchronize two directories, updating only changed files.

     rsync -av --update /source/directory/ /destination/directory/
     

   • Example 3: Backup a directory and exclude specific files.

     rsync -av --exclude='*.log' /source/directory/ /backup/directory/
     

9. lvm (Logical Volume Manager):

   • Example 1: Display information about logical volumes.

     lvs
     

   • Example 2: Create a new logical volume.

     lvcreate -L 10G -n myvolume myvg
     

   • Example 3: Extend the size of a logical volume.

     lvextend -L +5G /dev/myvg/myvolume
     

10. fstrim:

    • Example 1: Trim all mounted filesystems.

      fstrim -a
      

    • Example 2: Trim a specific mount point.

      fstrim /path/to/mount/point
      

    • Example 3: Dry-run trim to check for discardable blocks.

      fstrim -v --dry-run /path/to/mount/point
      

11. duf:

    • Example 1: Display disk usage with a colorful and user-friendly interface.

      duf -c
      

    • Example 2: Show disk usage for a specific directory.

      duf /path/to/directory
      

    • Example 3: Display disk usage with detailed information.

      duf -l
      

12. ncdu:

    • Example 1: Launch the NCurses Disk Usage tool for interactive disk exploration.

      ncdu
      

    • Example 2: Scan and analyze disk usage for a specific directory.

      ncdu /path/to/directory
      

    • Example 3: Display disk usage in a human-readable format.

      ncdu -x
      

13. fstab (File System Table):

    • Example 1: Edit the fstab file for automatic mounting of partitions at boot.

      nano /etc/fstab
      

    • Example 2: View the current entries in the fstab file.

      cat /etc/fstab
      

    • Example 3: Check for errors in the fstab file syntax.

      mount -a --test

Ubuntu Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal

If the terminal fails to start when using Ubuntu desktop via VNC Server. If you see the below error in ~/.vnc/<some-ip>.log.

Ubuntu org.gnome.Terminal:/org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: Error calling StartServiceByName

Error constructing proxy for org.gnome.Terminal: /org/gnome/Terminal/Factory0: 

Error calling StartServiceByName for org.gnome.Terminal: 

GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: 

Process /usr/lib/gnome-terminal/gnome-terminal-server exited with status 8 

Instead of using gnome-terminal use urxvt

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rxvt-unicode

Launch urxvt by adding it to the `~/.vnc/xstartup` vim ~/.vnc/xstartup

#!/bin/sh

export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey

vncconfig -iconic &
gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
gnome-terminal &
urxvt &

Restart VNCSERVER session

vncserver -kill :1

vncserver :1

Build OpenVINO from source - Linux

Official Instructions - Click Here

Build instructions for OpenVINO from Source with the Python API Wrapper

OpenVINO 2022.1.0 and later require GLIBC 2.27+, check with `ldd --version`

Here instructions are for Python 3.7, you can change it to 3.6 as well.

Software Requirements:

- CMake 3.13 or higher
- GCC 7.5 or higher to build OpenVINO Runtime
- Python 3.6 or higher for OpenVINO Runtime Python API
- (Optional) Install Intel® Graphics Compute Runtime for OpenCL™ Driver package 19.41.14441 to enable inference on Intel integrated GPUs.

$ sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

$ pip install cython numpy

$ cd ~ #openvino will be installed in ~/openvino

$ git clone https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/openvino.git
$ cd openvino
$ git submodule update --init --recursive
$ chmod +x install_dependencies.sh
$ ./install_dependencies.sh
$ mkdir build && cd build

$ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \

-DENABLE_INTEL_GNA=OFF -DENABLE_INTEL_MYRIAD_COMMON=OFF \

-DENABLE_PYTHON=ON \
-DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=`which python3.7` \
-DPYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.7m.so \
-DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.7 ..

$ make --jobs=$(nproc --all)

$ export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:~/openvino/bin/intel64/Release/lib/python_api/python3.7/
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:~/openvino/bin/intel64/Release/lib/

# OR Install the wheel with PIP

$ pip install ~/openvino/build/wheel/*.whl

# TEST BUILD

$ python3.7
>>> from openvino.inference_engine import IENetwork, IECore

# Test Benchmark app

$ alias benchmark_app=~/openvino/bin/intel64/Release/benchmark_app 
$ benchmark_app -h

TMUX Scrolling with Mouse

TMUX Scrolling with Mouse

# Add these in ~/.tmux.conf

set -g mouse on    #For tmux version 2.1 and up  
set -g @scroll-down-exit-copy-mode "off"
set -g terminal-overrides 'xterm*:smcup@:rmcup@' # Sane scrolling

# RELOAD the conf file:  

# tmux source-file ~/.tmux.conf

# If you get Error: protocol version mismatch (client 8, server 7)

# sudo killall -9 tmux

# If conf error, make sure you have tmux version >2.1

# tmux -V

# Update tmux. Ex: sudo yum install tmux

Install ClamAV on Amazon Linux 2

Install ClamAV Scan on Amazon Linux 2

sudo amazon-linux-extras install epel
sudo yum install clamav clamd -y
sudo sed -i -e "s/Example/#Example/" /etc/freshclam.conf
sudo sed -i -e "s:#DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav:DatabaseDirectory /var/lib/clamav:" /etc/freshclam.conf
sudo sed -i -e "s:#UpdateLogFile /var/log/freshclam.log:UpdateLogFile /var/log/freshclam.log:" /etc/freshclam.conf
sudo sed -i -e "s/#DatabaseOwner clamupdate/DatabaseOwner clamupdate/" /etc/freshclam.conf
sudo vi /etc/clamd.d/scan.conf 
# Change MaxThreads if desired.

sudo freshclam
clamscan -r / 2>&1 | tee openvinoami_clamav_scan.txt

# If problems arise, restart
sudo pkill freshclam
sudo freshclam
clamscan -r / 2>&1 | tee openvinoami_clamav_scan.txt

Dynamic Port Forwarding using Firefox Browser

[bob@workstation ~]$ ssh -D 1080 bastion.securecorp.io [bob@bastion ~]$

SOCKS5 configuration in Firefox:

Source: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/ssh-dynamic-port-forwarding

Ubuntu 18.04: Create/Modify SWAP partition memory limit.

Common error:

fallocate: fallocate failed: Text file busy in ubuntu OS 

Check the allocation:

free -m
or
sudo swapon --show

Make sure you have enough free disk space by

df -h

Disable the use of swap, allocate new swap space, enable swap.

sudo swapoff -a

sudo fallocate -l 8G /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile

Check the allocation:

free -m
or
sudo swapon --show

For detailed information: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-space-on-ubuntu-18-04

How to fix error Requires: libva.so.1(VA_API_0.33.0)(64bit)

If you get the following error while installing FFMPEG or other packages on CentOS 7.

Requires: libva.so.1(VA_API_0.33.0)(64bit)

Follow the following steps to install libva

sudo yum install libwayland-client    

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libva-1.8.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

sudo rpm -i libva-1.8.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm          

Sample error log when installing FFMPEG:

Error: Package: ffmpeg-libs-3.4.7-1.el7.x86_64 (rpmfusion-free-updates)
           Requires: libva.so.1(VA_API_0.33.0)(64bit)
Error: Package: ffmpeg-libs-3.4.7-1.el7.x86_64 (rpmfusion-free-updates)
           Requires: libva-x11.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: libmfx-1.21-2.el7.x86_64 (epel)
           Requires: libva-x11.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: libmfx-1.21-2.el7.x86_64 (epel)
           Requires: libva-drm.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: ffmpeg-libs-3.4.7-1.el7.x86_64 (rpmfusion-free-updates)
           Requires: libva-drm.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: ffmpeg-libs-3.4.7-1.el7.x86_64 (rpmfusion-free-updates)
           Requires: libva.so.1()(64bit)
Error: Package: libmfx-1.21-2.el7.x86_64 (epel)
           Requires: libva.so.1()(64bit)